|
The following terms appear frequently in the phrasing of essay
questions. You should know their meaning and answer accordingly.
(This list and the sense of definitions, though not the exact words,
are adapted from C. Bird and C. M. Bird, Learning More by Effective
Study, Appletom Century Crofts, New York, 1945, pp. 195-198.)
COMPARE
Look for qualities or characteristics that resemble each other.
Emphasize similarities among them but in some cases also mention
differences.
CONTRAST
Stress the dissimilarities, differences, or unlikeness of things,
qualities, events, or problems.
CRITICIZE
Express your judgment about the merit or truth of the factors or
views mentioned. Give the results or your analysis of these factors,
discussing their limitations and good points.
DEFINE
Give concise, clear and authoritative meanings. Don’t give
details, but make sure to give the limits of the definition. Show
how the things you are defining differs from the things in other
classes.
DESCRIBE
Recount, characterize, sketch, or relate in sequence or story form.
DIAGRAM
Give a drawing, chart, plan, or graphic answer. Usually you should
label a diagram. In some cases, add a brief explanation or description.
DISCUSS
Examine, analyze carefully, and give reasons pro and con. Be complete,
and give details.
ENUMERATE
Write in list or outline form, giving points concisely one by one.
EVALUATE
Carefully appraise the problem, citing both advantages and limitations.
Emphasize the appraisal of authorities and, to a lesser degree,
your personal evaluation.
EXPLAIN
Clarify, interpret, and spell out the material you present. Give
reasons for differences of opinion or of results, and try to analyze
causes.
ILLUSTRATE
Use a figure, picture, diagram, or concrete example to explain or
clarify a problem.
INTERPRET
Translate, give examples of, solve, or comment on a subject, usually
giving your judgment about it.
LIST
As in "enumerate," write an itemized series of concise
statements.
OUTLINE
Organize a description under main points and subordinate points,
omitting minor details and stressing the arrangement or classification
of things
|