Volume 21 Issue 20 February 19, 1999 |
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Contents:
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NEWS |
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Profs snub campus bookstore
Two years ago someone at the Auraria Book Center told professor David Sullivan the book he ordered for class was on its way. "'It's coming, it's coming, it's on its way, it's on its way,'" Sullivan said the person told him. "Well, half way through the semester it still wasn't here, and I found out it hadn't even been ordered." Since then, Sullivan, a philosophy professor, has ordered his books through the Tattered Cover bookstore. "I found the people at the campus bookstore to be incompetent at best," he said. "I gave up. I couldn't justify sending my students to the bookstore." Sullivan encourages students to buy their books from Tattered Cover or from online services. Bonnie Savone, an executive assistant in the Academic Affairs office, works as a go-between for professors and the staff at Auraria Book Center, fielding complaints from professors and informing the bookstore about them. She said problems at the store are minor. "It's nothing big," Savone said, "things like book shortages, books being late, that sort of thing." Savone said she has been working with Auraria Book Center for over a year, and she meets with Auraria Book Center staff regularly to discuss faculty complaints. "We all hope to resolve any problems people might have," she said. Sullivan said he knows the bookstore has been trying to improve. "I know they've made an effort, but I got off the track so long ago I'm not going back," he said. Sullivan said another problem he encountered at the Auraria Book Center was under-ordering of books. "I don't know if they still do this, but two years ago they used a computer software program to check the progress of book sales," he said. "So, if I ordered 40 books, the software program would show that last year that book didn't sell well, so the bookstore would reduce the number I gave them." Sullivan said he uses this type of under-ordering with the Tattered Cover. "If I order 35 books from the Tattered Cover, I'll get less than 35, but it's a number I've agreed upon with them," Sullivan said. "I've had a good relationship with them." Sullivan also added that he doesn't use textbooks. He uses "primary source materials", - books that don't have an emphasis on a particular study. That makes it easy for him to use Tattered Cover. Sullivan said price was also a concern. "With an online service you can get up to a 20 percent discount, and the book comes two days later," he said. Timothy Gould, chairman of the Philosophy Department said, "Some of my staff are very industrious and use off-campus resources like the Tattered Cover, but I don't want it to look like someone who's taking a sideswipe at the bookstore." "I myself have worked with the bookstore with different results," Gould said. Melanie Sparks, assistant director of Auraria Book Center, said the bookstore hasn't lost significant business to outside sales or off-campus bookstores. Sparks said sales were down this semester, but she said she felt it was because of a drop in enrollment. Savone said there has been no significant loss of bookstore customers, students or faculty, to off-campus bookstores or online services. "The competition is out there," Sparks said, "but, we're OK with competition. It makes us better." Sparks said when students buy books at Auraria Book Center, the profits go into a student bond fund that pays for the Tivoli. "If the money wasn't there, something would have to pay for it," she stressed. "I imagine money would have to be made through new student fees." Sparks said the Auraria Book Center's Web site will have a new function that will allow students to purchase their books online beginning in March. "We're part of a national project with three other schools," she said. "If you go to www.aurariabooks.com, you can get to the course web, a site where all the class course materials are," Sparks said. "Right now you can print out all the information about your course, like what's required, what's optional, how much does it cost and how many used books available. You can print it out and take it with you to the store." Another option is reserving books over the phone with a credit card. Sparks said some 130 students reserved their books with credit cards and then picked them up, avoiding the cashiers' lines. "Our next step is to make purchasing books available online," Sparks said. "Eventually, we'll have general merchandise online like sweat-shirts, mugs, Steven King novels — everything that's not a textbook," she said. |
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System loses checks Some Metro employees said they are scrambling to make ends meet after a glitch in Metro's new automated payroll system resulted in late pay checks. "I had no rent money, and this is very inconvenient," said Thomas Liphard, a Metro student employee. "When this happened they blamed our supervisors, and five out of 26 employees in the admissions office weren't paid." College officials are blaming the Banner System, Metro's new collection of software that automates many operations such as finances, admissions and registration. Within the last few weeks, some student employees and three part-time professors have received their pay checks a few days late. Liphard said he had to take out a short term loan because he was not able to pay his rent in time and would be faced with a $200 fine. Tim Greene, associate vice president of Human Resources and Finances, said most Metro employees have their paychecks automatically deposited into their checking accounts. "We take care of our employees, and if a check was lost or something; as soon as we find out there is a problem then we will write them out another check." Greene said the problem was that some supervisors made errors in reporting payroll information through the automated system. "One of the problems that we are having with Banner is that everyone is on at the same time. This slows the system down," Greene said. "We are trying to find out if this is what the problem is." But Bill Vaile, a part-time public relations professor, said he won't feel reassured until the check is in his hand. Vaile said he set up a checking account to comply with pressure from Metro to have his check automatically deposited. But on Feb. 12, when he expected to be paid, Vaile said he got a call from the payroll department saying someone would deliver the check to him by the end of the day. The check never came, Vaile said. "Most part-time employees teach here because we just enjoy doing it," Vaile said. "How dare you do this to us. I do not work for free, and neither do you." Elizabeth Weinert, another Metro student employee, said. "This is very unusual, it took us all by surprise." Weinert said the payroll department wasn't helpful because the cashiers didn't know what was going on. "We are working through the glitches and challenges of the Banner System, and the faculty and students shouldn't worry about not being paid," Greene said. |
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Donated art raises $60,000 for Metro gallery The Metro Center for the Visual Arts raised $60,000 Feb. 9 in an auction of artwork donated by a Denver couple. The money raised from the auction will create a fund at the center to help pay for future exhibitions. Jan and Frederick Mayer donated 35 works of contemporary art by local and national artists to the center for the auction. The estimated value of the collection was $100,000. The Mayers have also helped the center in the past by sponsoring exhibitions such as last year's Picasso print show. They are also donating the use of their house for the center's annual members' party in May. "The Mayers have a great interest in art and recognize the center as a valuable component of the art world in the community," said Ann Daley, who curates the Mayer's art collection. "(The center) can have exhibitions of a controversial nature or specialized nature that other places can't have." Sally Perisho, director of the center, said 200 people showed up for the auction. "It was a highly successful event," she said. "One recent Metro art alumni bought $5,000 worth of work." Perisho said the value of individual work ranged from $100 to $20,000. "There was really something for everyone," she said. "People always think that only older people buy art, so it was nice to see younger people at the auction also. Whenever I see younger people at auctions, I think 'right on.'" The center is at 1734 Wazee St. The next exhibition will be Under a Spell: Homage to Haiti. The exhibition will include more than 40 sequined flags by Haitian flag maker Antoine Oleyant and Louisiana artist Tina Girouard. The flags are used in Voodoo religious ceremonies, which originated in Haiti by African slaves. The show will run from Feb. 19 to March 24. |
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MetroBriefs Academic fund bill defeated A bill in the state Senate to offer college tuition assistance to high school students was killed in committee Feb. 12. Senate Bill 86, sponsored by Sen. Bill Thiebaut, D-Pueblo, would have offered tuition assistance to high school students with high test scores. Thiebaut's proposal would have been the 12th state-funded college financial assistance program in Colorado, and the third based on academic achievement. Students invited to fee discussion Metro's Student Government Assembly will hold a public forum March 3 to discuss a proposition to raise the Student Affairs fee. Proponents of the $10 fee increase say it is to prevent budget cuts in programs such as campus recreation, theater events and student club funding. The estimated revenue from the fee increase would be an additional $399,000. The student affairs fee is not a flat fee, but calculated ona sliding scale determined by credit hours. For a student taking three credit hours, the current fee is $18.25 per semester. If the fee increase is approved, it would increase to $28.25. For students taking eight or more credit hours, the fee is $42.25 per semester and would increase to $52.25. The forum will be from noon-1 p.m. in Tivoli Room 640. |
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Profs sing jail industry blues Keeping people incarcerated is a lucrative industry — $35 billion a year — and prisons need prisoners to keep the cash flowing, two Metro professors said Feb. 15. Metro professors Richard Jackson, criminal justice, and Charles Angeletti, history, spoke about the Prison Industrial Complex for the Towering Issues lecture series. "My first prison was the worst prison I ever saw," he said. "LBJ, Long Binh Jail in Vietnam." "The cells were made of metal shipping crates, and they looked like 100-foot dumpsters with hinges and slots. When I touched it, it burned my hand it was so hot. Inside, it must have 200 degrees," Jackson said. Jackson said he made complaints about the prison conditions at Long Binh and was told, "'Jails are not nice places.'" "Boy, was I naive about prisons," he said. Jackson and Angeletti explained how they felt the prison system works: A prison is funded with tax dollars, the more prisoners, the more tax money the prison gets, they said. "More tax dollars go to funding prisons than for schools," Jackson said. "About 16 percent of your tax money goes towards prisons." To keep the prisons filled, men and women convicted of crimes face mandatory — and lengthy — prison sentences. The people who make money from prisons lobby the government to make tougher laws and to make longer sentences, Angeletti said. Angeletti said he spoke with a banker about the business of prisons. "(The banker) said prison is a growth industry," Angeletti said. "I asked him what if legislation is passed to cut sentences, or if parole becomes more available? He just looked at me and said, 'That can't happen.' " A second way to increase income is to use prisoners as "slave labor," Jackson said. Prisoners are used to make all kinds of products and to do maintenance, Jackson said. Prisons can often provide the lowest contract bid for work, Jackson said. "Prisoners are paid $2 a day, sometimes less. To me, that's slavery," Jackson said. An indirect way to make money from prisons is through the pay phones in the jails, according to Jackson. "Jail phones are so lucrative that MCI installed, at no charge, pay phones for all California prisons. The prisons owners get a 32 percent share of the profits made off the phones. One pay phone makes an average of $15,000 a year." Director of Community Relations for the Colorado Department of Corrections, Liz McDonough, disagrees with Angeletti and Jackson's theories. "The public got very tired of crime in the mid-'80s, and the Colorado legislature responded with tougher laws and stricter sentences," McDonough said. "That's why there's an increase in the prison population." McDonough said the private companies saw a need for prisons and filled a niche. McDonough said the state cannot contract with a private company to build a prison. However, counties can. A Colorado State Penitentiary cannot use a private company to run it, but a county jail can use a contracted company. "Right now we work through four counties; Kit Carson, Bent, Crowley and Huerfano, and we manage our contracts well," she said. McDonough added that people assume private prisons are cheaper to run than state prisons. "Once you add in medical and transportation costs, it's comparable to a state prison," McDonough said. An audience member, Earl Graham, who was released from an eight-year sentence, spoke about his experience at a Limon Prison. "Every hour on the hour a guard would knock on my window, waking me up" he said. "They told me it was to make sure I wasn't dead." Graham said he was known as a "jail house lawyer." "I helped guys who couldn't read or write with their cases," he said. "As long as you're ignorant, they can walk all over you." Graham said he would read and explain the paperwork for illiterate prisoners. Once, he was put in solitary confinement — "the hole" — for possession of court rules. Prisons are filled with the mentally ill, substance abusers and the homeless, Jackson said. One in 10 prisoners who use drugs can get into a rehab program, he explained. Mental hospitals no longer have the funding to house the mentally ill and prisons have taken the spillover, he said. "Black men are more likely to be arrested for a drug offense than a white man, despite the fact that drug use by blacks and whites is about the same," Jackson said. "There's no rehab in prison," Graham said. "I thought in prison I'd be rehabilitated, but you're not going to get it — all you'll get is abuse." |
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CAPITOL CONNECTION Students at state-sponsored schools will have tougher competition for financial aid dollars if a bill at the state legislature passes. Supporters of House Bill 1047 say students at for-profit colleges, such as Denver Business College have long been penalized for not attending state schools because they are not eligible for state financial aid money. The bill would remove that exemption. But offering financial aid dollars to more students without increasing the amount allocated for financial aid could hurt students' chances of receiving aid money, detractors say. One of the bill's sponsors, Sen. Ken Arnold, R-Westminster, agreed that offering financial aid to more students would increase competition. But that was part of the point, he said. "Competition. Isn't that the name our society?" he said. "I don't see that it's going to make anything any different than it is right now except that it's going to make more students in line for the money." Half of Colorado college students receive some form of financial aid, according to the Colorado Commission on Higher Education. They receive awards ranging from an average of $641 at Colorado Mountain College to $4,833 at the Colorado School of Mines. Metro students on financial aid receive an average of $1,736. These numbers reflect a combination of state, federal and private grants and scholarships. Students at 28 state-sponsored colleges are currently eligible for state financial aid money, and 19 more would become eligible if the bill passes. A lobbying group said students at state-run schools shouldn't have to compete with students at for-profit colleges. "By expanding the pool of students eligible for financial aid you will do one of two things," said a written statement from the Colorado Student Association to lawmakers. "Either deny more students of much-needed financial aid or reduce the amount of financial aid awarded to individual students." |
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Federal court upholds Net porn law CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. - (U-WIRE) A Federal Court of Appeals unanimously upheld a Virginia Internet anti-pornography law prohibiting state employees, including professors, from using workplace computers to access sexually explicit materials on the Internet. Six professors from Virginia colleges and universities appealed the law, which was passed July, claiming it infringed on their First Amendment rights. "I'm completely outraged," Paul Smith, plaintiff and George Mason University professor, said in an interview with The Cavalier Daily. Smith said the decision "terrified" him because "it's extended the power of the state of Virginia over its employees in ways which are completely illegitimate." A Fourth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals panel rejected the appeal of Urofsky vs. Gilmore on Wednesday, ruling that state employee speech not relating to a matter of public concern is not entitled to First Amendment protection. According to the law, employees wishing to access sexually explicit materials must have the permission of their supervisors. University Law Professor Robert M. O'Neil filed a brief in support of the plaintiffs. O'Neil is the director of the Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression and former University President. O'Neil said he is "greatly disappointed with the ruling." The professors who challenged the law claimed it hindered their ability to teach their classes effectively, and violated a First Amendment right to access pornographic materials for work-related purposes. Anne Beeson, American Civil Liberties Union attorney for the plaintiffs, also criticized the decision. "The Fourth Circuit Court has said that there's no such thing as academic freedom at state universities in Virginia," Beeson said. Virginia is the only state that regulates university professors' use of pornography on the Internet. But Attorney General Mark L. Earley was pleased with the ruling. "The Court upheld the Commonwealth's position that state employees cannot use state resources on state time to download Internet pornography," Earley spokesman David Botkins said. "Controlling this activity by state employees does not violate their First Amendment rights." The plaintiff's lawyers now are discussing whether or not to file another appeal with either the Fourth Circuit Court or the U.S. Supreme Court, Beeson said. The lead plaintiff in the case was Melvin I. Urofsky of Virginia Commonwealth University. |
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Study finds folks bored with sex LOS ANGELES, Calif. — (U-WIRE) Sex! If that didn't get your attention, don't be surprised. After all, a recent report found that many Americans lack enthusiasm about sex. A University of Chicago study released Tuesday found more than 40 percent of women and 30 percent of men regularly have no interest in sex, can't have an orgasm or suffer from some other sexual dysfunction. In what some call the most comprehensive U.S. sex survey since the 1948 Kinsey Report, the results are raising eyebrows. Paul Abramson, a professor of psychology who teaches a Human Sexuality class at the University of California, said he wasn't surprised . "There was an earlier study with comparable findings among couples," Abramson said. "What's distinctive about this study is that it uses samples. This study used representative samples of America's populace. It's a springboard (that suggests) sexual dysfunction is extensive in couples of many ages." The study's researchers said problems with sex can be attributed to anything from emotional and health problems to lack of time, job pressures and money trouble. But they said they aren't sure which comes first -stress or problems with sex. The report's author, sociologist Edward Laumann, said, "It gives us a base for explaining why we had this enormous response to Viagra." Abramson reiterated the idea: "The results go hand-in-hand with the extensive usage of Viagra among men and women." The study was published in this month's Journal of the American Medical Association. The researchers based their findings on the 1992 National Health and Social Life Survey, a compilation of interviews with about 1,700 women and 1,400 men. The participants, ages 18 to 59, were asked if they had experienced sexual dysfunction over several months in the previous year. Sexual dysfunction was defined as a regular lack of interest in or pain during sex or persistent problems achieving lubrication, an erection or orgasm. Laumann said the findings could offer hope to millions, many of whom think they're the only ones having trouble in bed. "Often they don't even admit it to their partners. It's the old 'I've got a headache' instead of 'I don't feel like having sex,'" Laumann said. The study also found:
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Club News Advocates of TRIO will have their annual TRIO celebration at 3:30-5-:30 p.m. Feb. 24 in Tivoli Room 440. Advocates of TRIO originally stood for the three organizations under that name: Talent Search, High School Upper Bound, and the Educational Opportunity Center. Over the years TRIO added four additional organizations. "National TRIO Day is a celebration of the government approving a grant for first generation students who want to continue their higher education," Aussy Rabih, president of Advocates of TRIO, said. National TRIO Day is Feb. 27. This celebration is cosponsored with the High School Upper Bound Program through Metro, Community College of Denver, University of Colorado at Denver, and the National TRIO program. At the celebration two students will read from the Proclamation, the constitution for the program. The Proclamation was written in 1964, when the program was first established. National TRIO Alumni will attend. Advocates of TRIO will also hold a "Spring Fling" on April 22. "(We will) play volleyball and other activities and have a potluck" said Patricia Trotman, adviser of Advocates of TRIO. Phi Alpha Theta Historian's Honor Society will bring Marsha Semmiel, president of the Women of the West Museum in Boulder, March 24. Semmiel will talk to students in the South Classroom Building Room, 107 at 1:00 p.m. She will cover the museum's goals, and mission statement, said Laura McCall, the Phi Alpha Theta Historians Honor Society adviser. The National Student Speech, Language and Hearing Association will have a graduate school panel with students from the University of Northern Colorado and University of Colorado on campus Feb. 23 in the Central Classroom Building Room 225 from 7-8:15 p.m. "The graduate students will talk about what graduate school is like, and their field," Catherine Curran, the National Student Speech, and Language, Hearing Association adviser, said. The National Student Speech, Language, Hearing Association will have free hearing screenings on Feb. 26 at the Faith Christian Academy at 6210 Ward Road, Arvada. There will also be free hearing screens in May at the Auraria Campus. "May is better speech and hearing month." Curran said. "These screenings will be available to the faculty and students." For more information contact Curran at the Speech department (303) 556-3033. The Association of Information Technology Professionals will hold a job fair in early April, which will be open to all Auraria students. AITP is a student club for those looking at a degree in the information technology field. "(We) work to keep students in the trends of the industry and to give the opportunity to gain experience and network" said president of AITP Pam Prinz. |
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COMMENTARY |
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Good riddance to lobbyists News: Views: If students want to support a specific political agenda, they should do so on their own time and with their own funds. A bill under consideration in the Colorado legislature might force students to do just that. House Bill 1189 would bar state agencies from collecting money to be used in political activities. It's a good idea, and it's overdue. If the bill becomes law, at least one campus organization that relies on student fees could finally become history, namely the Colorado Student Association. The association collects money for its activities through student fees, using Metro's accounts department. CSA proports to lobby for student interests at the state legislature. Metro students contribute 50 cents apiece to CSA's budget each semester. Students at 10 other member institutions around Colorado do the same thing. At the state capitol Feb. 10, Jane Duncan, a CSA employee, coached a group of college students on how to approach lawmakers about House Bill 1189. Here are her principle arguments:
The University of Colorado at Boulder pulled out of membership in CSA last year for just that reason. Student government members at CU-Boulder said CSA was not lobbying effectively for the interests of students there. Only a few hundred students vote in elections every two years to renew membership in CSA. The other 17,000 sit flaccidly by while CSA lobbyists march on the capitol with an agenda approved by only a few. This April, when CSA membership comes up for a vote again, we urge Metro students to vote no. If that doesn't happen, House Bill 1189 will likely get through and cut the organization off anyway. |
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Student workers should unite Thanks to Metro administrators, most student workers are destined to work menial jobs. Recently, I quit my job in Student Activities upon realizing that my job neither challenged nor excited me. In fact, my experience in Student Activities was one of disillusionment. I was a glorified administrative assistant with a title. This would be no problem if I wanted to do menial work. But student jobs should be a place for student development. After a few months, I realized I was there to agree with the administrators and to do what I was told. No true programming came out of the hands of students. If student leadership is lacking in a Student Life division of the school, I suspect there are similar problems in other departments. Across the board, students are taken advantage of by the college administration. Simply because we are students does not justify mediocre duties. In fact, because we are students we should be constantly challenged to push outside our comfort zone and presented with ever-evolving ideas and concepts. That is when true growth takes place. Administrators need to be willing to let go of power and allow students to develop even if they stumble along the way. Instead of allowing students to create solid programming, administrators are so worried about looking good that they take control of programs. This is at the cost of creating mediocre workers and calling them student leaders. The purpose of hiring student employees is to allow students to develop leadership skills. The purpose of Student Life and Student Activities is to put passion and life into the campus. If Student Activities is lacking in passion, it is because the administration has not allowed students to flourish. Leadership development means putting the power in students' hands and allowing them to grow individually and as a group. Controlling will only lead to the production of mediocre students. So I quit my job at Student Activities because if I am destined to do work as an office assistant, I should at least make good money at it. It is time for student employees to demand power and respect within the workplace. Cheap labor does not justify flunkey jobs. Students should organize themselves and demand power and respect within the offices and departments on this campus. It is time to demand an active role in what this college does. Karmin Trujillo is a Metro student and former president of the Student Government Assembly. Her e-mail address is trujillok@mscd.edu. |
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Religious Zealots; keep the bombs to yourselves "The existence of God, it is a large and serious question, and
if I were to attempt to deal with it in any adequate manner I should have
to keep you here until Kingdom Come." Religious people are killing me. I'm not talking about the little old lady who goes to church each Sunday but otherwise minds her own business. So please don't show up at my house tonight carrying torches and waving around the Good Book. I'm talking about Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson, lunatics who blow up planes and buildings in the name of God, psychos claiming to be holy men who convince morons to follow them to the holy land to shoot it out with other wackos simply because the numbers at the beginning of the date are about to change. I'm talking about men willing to ruin a perfectly good suit going from house to house on a ten-speed preaching and the halfwits who huddle around a chocolate chip cookie because they think they see the face of Jesus staring back at them. I recently saw a story on the television news about some religious loon who has convinced his teenage daughter to sign a contract governing who she will date and when. The girl agrees not to go out, let alone kiss or hold hands, with any potential suitor until he has been sufficiently scrutinized by the parents. Only potential husbands will be allowed to take the little princess to the movies and even that date will be chaperoned by the holy father. I think he's just trying to keep her to himself. I just know this girl will become a 40-year-old woman locked in her house with a bottle of whiskey, three packs of cigarettes and more mail-order pornography and sexual toys than you can shake a stick at. What's with athletes constantly giving God all the credit after touchdowns and game-winning three-point shots, but never saying "Damn. I guess God is a Broncos fan" when they're on the losing end? One group of religious people killed themselves when a comet passed near our planet believing they would be transported to a spaceship trailing the comet and ride off into utopia. Now I could understand if it was a bunch of doped up dudes thinking Tyra Banks, Jennifer Lopez and other babes were on board, but these were people looking forward to eternity without sex. What the hell is wrong with you zealots? I don't know if I believe in God. It's a question I've been struggling with. If I do believe in God, I'm not sure it's the one that needed Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny to bail him out at different points in the past 500 years. Truth to tell, I'm not sure I want to believe in God with all these role models. Then again, who knows I could be completely off base here, and you might read this headline in the next edition of The Metropolitan: "Uncle Baldy struck down by bolt of lightning." Keep the faith. Kyle Ringo is a Metro student and a columnist for The Metropolitan. His e-mail address is ringok@mscd.edu. |
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Still no break for students I have a gripe with our dear representatives in the state Senate. Their screw-up will not change anything for me, but I'm upset that they have screwed yet another graduating class of high school seniors out of a chance at some decent education at a reasonable price. What did they do? Well, they just killed a bill that would have provided tuition subsidies to graduating seniors in the top ten percent of their class. Oh no...I wasn't in that group when I was in high school, but I applaud those of you that were diligent enough to do that. It wouldn't have changed anything for me, but I'm beyond help now. Here's why: I owe enough money to Sallie Mae that I could have used to pay the tuition at Harvard for four years, and all I have to show for it is a BA in journalism from Metro and a payment book that looks like I have a mortgage on a nice little condo. Oh, and I'm back in school taking computer classes so that I can survive in a computer-based job market. I can't afford to do the job I love. Still, those were my decisions and I made them. The reason I'm upset with the state Senate is that they are systematically eliminating any state funding for a high school graduate who is smart, but not lucky enough to qualify for mountains of PELL. There is other money to get for free, but you must be a certain race or sex to get it. Again, none of this applied to me. So what? Still, with all this aside, Metro isn't that costly, really. We only pay $50 a month to park here if we aren't willing to suffer a long bus ride, or have to actually be somewhere after school, like work. That's only an extra $250 every semester. We have no reason to complain. None. Tuition when I started here was done in blocks. Now it is by the credit. This raised my cost one fall by twenty percent in a single shot. When I started in 1991, 15 credits would cost you just more than $700. This spring it is $1,092.40. Sure, I have no problem with inflation because I understand how market pressures change the economy. I stayed awake for my economics classes. Still, this sort of inflation is well beyond market pressures, unless we were some great, famous technical college. We aren't. So, I'm back in school learning how to program on the World Wide Web, and build Internet servers, and I'm not yet jetting across the globe photographing political uprisings for the Associated Press. I'm not mad about this. I'm disappointed that not only did I not get any help from the state of Colorado, neither will the top ten percent of the class of 1999. John Swift is a Metro student and photo editor of The Metropolitan. His e-mail address is swift@mscd.edu. |
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Super Bowl beer ads not so cute Editor: The next time your kids pick their favorite talking lizard or roar when an alligator comes bopping out of a party with a case on his back, maybe you should consider what they're really talking about. Beer is the leading killer of teens today. The overwhelming choice of alcoholics, beer is attributed with about a fourth of health-related deaths as cigarettes, but the story doesn't end there. Auto, boat and hunting accidents take tens of thousands more. It brings out rage in many people and lowers inhibition. Take the killing in Wyoming a few months ago. What role might beer drinking have played with the events that followed that night? Beer companies spend hundreds of millions to promote this dehabilitating substance on college campuses. A surprising study now shows that fully one quarter of college students drop out because of alcohol consumption. In a society so concerned with hidden messages, maybe the one that's smack in front of us is our biggest threat. Proving once again, a schizoid, brain-washed public that's spoon-fed propaganda by rich special interests may not really have morals or character of their own. I lost my dad, who never drank, to an alcohol-related accident when I was 19. I was living at home in Golden and attending the University of Colorado at Denver at the time (1966). My friend, hunting and fishing buddy, and possibly the only one I ever really trusted was gone instantly. Look at your most loved and just think about it for a while. Dan Hayes |
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FEATURES |
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Bringing Baha'I "I felt cheated when I graduated from college," said a 77-year-old Metro student. The student, Seimour Weinberg, went to college in the 1940s and was angered that he had never heard of the Baha'I faith. Weinberg wants Metro students to have that opportunity. "That's why I'm so active on this campus," he said. The Metro Baha'I club's purpose is to inform the students and professors on the Auraria Campus of the origination and spread of the Baha'I. February is Black History Month, and on the 22nd the great grandson of W.E.B. Du Bois, Arthur McFarlane, will speak on the life of his grandfather. This meeting is scheduled to be in the Tivoli Room 320C. Weinberg passes out fliers to broaden the campus' knowledge of the Baha'I religion and he has been doing this since 1992. The club has seven members, but these members are very busy and don't have the time to be as active as Weinberg would like them to be. The club usually puts on monthly educational programs at the Baha'I Faith Metro Denver Center at 225 E. Bayaud Ave. Jason Songhurst, a Metro student and Baha'I member, said, "I think the programs are good for students as they show a diversity of thought on religion." The Baha'I Faith Metro Denver Center has a community of 125 members, and there are more than, 400 Baha'Is in Colorado. There are more than 6 million members worldwide. The Baha'Is' most important goal is to achieve racial unity worldwide. Weinberg said, "If we could achieve this one human family in America, it would send a positive and peaceful message to the world." America has great potential to answer the call of God. The call of God is racial unity and one world religion, Weinberg said. The prophet Baha'u'llah taught that the "manifestation of God" is the "light- bringer" of the spiritual world, as the sun is the "light-bringer" of the natural world. Just as Moses, Krishna, Buddha, Jesus and Mohammed are important figures in the spiritual world, Bah'u'llah is important to the Baha'I faith. Baha'u'llah declared that he was the long-expected teacher of all people and the channel in which all previous forms of religion would become merged. Weinberg uses the literature of the Baha'I faith to spread the prophet's message on Auraria Campus. Baha'I literature stresses the importance of Divine Manifestation. This Manifestation is like the coming of the spring. It is a day of Resurrection in which the spiritually dead are raised to new life and when corruption and worn-out ideas are destroyed. "You need a spiritual foundation in society. Religion provides a social cement for the world," Weinberg said. The religion is based on an individual's right and duty to investigate truth independently and be responsible for his or her own spiritual development. The Baha'I faith is the second-most geographically widespread world religion following Christianity. Weinberg said the faith's diversity embraces people from all races, creeds and cultures. However, he said there is no Baha'I community in North Korea as the religion hasn't penetrated there yet. Houses of worship are open to all people. The faith has no clergy or priesthood. Baha'I literature reports Baha'u'llah's mission in the world is to bring about the unity of all mankind in and through God. He requires of his followers wholehearted and complete devotion. The purpose of life is to develop those capacities for one's own life and for the service of humanity. The way of life which Baha'Is seek to cultivate is one that encourages personal development. "To have meaning and purpose in life is important for the individual and society," Weinberg said. |
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In-Choiring Minds Chemistry is a Metro student's major, but singing is his passion. The student, Nathan Henry, pursued his passion and joined Metro's choir program. Singing with a choir, he said, is an outlet for him that provides a break from the logics of math and science. Students like Henry make up one-third of Metro's choir program, which consists of three choirs. The other two-thirds are students who are working on various music degrees at Metro. Shawna Frieberg, 22, has sang with Metro's choirs for four years. Her major is music education, and she was attending another state college when she heard of Metro's program. "I hated where I was," Frieberg said. "Metro has a reputation of having a wonderful music program, and I found that to be true when I came here." The professors offer one-on-one training instead of throwing you in with a group of people, she said. The three choirs that make up Metro's vocal group are the concert choir, the chamber singers and the vocal jazz ensemble, according to Mike Kornelson, director of choral activities. He said the concert choir is the largest group, consisting of about 85 members, both men and women. Most of songs are accompanied by Metro's orchestra, yet the choir also performs a cappella. Its music consists of classical, romantic and Renaissance, Kornelson said. The chamber singers are a select group of about 24 students. Their music is much like that of the concert choir, and the two groups often perform together in concert. The vocal jazz ensemble is Metro's newest choir, put together by Kornelson last semester. This group has 12 singers who must re-audition at the beginning of each semester, Kornelson said. They sing various types of jazz music and often sing a cappella. Kornelson, 38, came to Metro in September to replace Jerald McCullom, who retired from Metro after nearly 30 years of teaching. Although the replacement is temporary, Kornelson said he wants to fill the position through next year. Prior to coming to Metro, Kornelson taught music in Colorado schools for 16 years. Kornelson said he is taking the place of a man who was well-liked and respected in Metro's music department. "He was a fine choral musician and a solid part of this choir program," Kornelson said. Kornelson is well-liked said some of his choir members. Frieberg said he is a great director. "He is awesome," she said. "He really helps us learn to listen and musically come together as a group." Jennifer Robertson, 24, praised Kornelson for the efforts he makes in getting performances for the choir. She said the choirs often sing at local high schools, as well as throughout the community. Robertson is a voice performance major who has participated in Metro's choirs for 41/2 years. She plans on seeking her master's degree in music and opera performance at the University of Colorado at Boulder once she graduates from Metro. Robertson said she feels it is important that students at Metro be aware that the school has a choir program and what a great thing it is for both music and non-music majors alike. "It is important to keep this program going, so that people can have this outlet to express their talent and creativity. No matter what your talent is, if there is no way for you to express it, well, that is a difficult position to be in," Robertson said. She added that Kornelson and all the choir members are very dedicated to and enthusiastic about the singing groups. It is certainly a great way to meet people and develop some important relationships, Robertson said. Henry said he has made many friends through the choir program. He said that the age diversity at Metro brings to the choirs a more mature and diverse sound. "It is fun to be able to mingle with such a diverse group of people," he said. The experience can be positive for both music and non-music majors alike, because music is a way to vent emotionally, he said. Some choir members said they would participate in choir whether they were music majors or not. Kornelson said although any student at Metro is encouraged to audition for a choir, most of the members have previous singing experience. Many participated in all-state competitions with their high school choirs. One of Kornelson's goals is to eventually form a women's glee club and a men's glee club that would be more open to the non-experienced singers at Metro. "Also I would like to see more men participate in the choirs so that there will be more of an equal mix," Kornelson said. "My goal is to see these groups grow and expand." Kornelson said the choirs have two major performances during the semester, and sometimes a few smaller concerts. Performance time is somewhat limited, he said, because most students have full-time school loads and jobs. The groups have had to perform off-campus, but with the upcoming completion of Metro's performing arts center, perhaps they will be able to gain more attention and publicity by being able to utilize the on-campus facility, Kornelson said. "One of our goals is to make our presence known throughout the community and on campus," he said. The choir's diligence and dedication to their art makes this group of students
wonderful, Kornelson said. |
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Lend me a tenor Donald Cash has a long commute to work — about 4,000 miles. Fortunate for the tenor, the European operas that are his profession run five to eight weeks and allow him time off in his Colorado home with his wife and three kids. "Two years ago we all went to Sydney, Australia, for the summer," he said. But the 40-year-old and his family will be spending the next few weeks in Denver as Cash heads up Opera Colorado's The Magic Flute, running Feb. 20 through Feb. 26 at the Temple Buell Theatre in the Denver Performing Arts Complex. The Magic Flute is the tale of lead character Tamino's transformation from boyhood to manhood. The German opera's music was written by Mozart, and English subtitles will projected above the proscenium. Cash's familiarity with Magic Flute should show as this will be his fourth time playing Tamino — and he's not even fluent in German. "German is my weakest language," he said. "Tamino is much more difficult than he looks." Cash notes the demanding nature of opera. There are never back-to-back performances; the performers always have a day off between shows to rest their voices. "We wear no mics," he said. "What stands between the listener's ear and my mouth are 60 and 70 instruments, and I've got to clear that." An unusual attribute of this production of The Magic Flute is the set, which was designed by Maurice Sendak (author and illustrator of the children's book Where the Wild Things Are). "It's beautiful, and having read Where the Wild Things Are to all three of my kids, it's neat to have that around you," he said. But the set is unstable, consisted of backdrops and set pieces that are dropped from the fly space. Cash said stable sets help with the projection of his voice. "There isn't a lot to get ahold of. I like hard sets, physical things. It helps with your voice, and it's tactile. The only thing I can touch in this opera is the floor — everything else is swaying." Cash hasn't done straight (non-opera) theater since high school, but still encounters the endless differences between opera and musical theater. Sometimes the lines are blurred as some directors and technicians work both genres. Cash recalls working with straight theater directors in opera, and said things can sometimes get ugly. One director wanted Cash to run across the stage while singing a difficult ariaz. Cash explained: "You can't run a 100-yard dash while singing a Mozart aria. "They're having straight theater directors direct opera, and some of them don't understand the demands we're under as singers. They won't try and let you be committed to your art. I've had some of them that ignore it. "There is a lot more awkwardness because directors want theatrical realism. But sometimes we can't do that. People are coming to hear the opera. People go to plays to see it. We have to function on two very distinct levels. "In straight theater you can swallow — you can do that. But in opera, now is too late. Singing has to get more attention (than acting). An orchestra is like a wheel; it doesn't stop for you." The general public doesn't understand or attend opera because they haven't given it a chance, he said. "You can't say 'I hate asparagus' when you've never tried it. If somebody sees an opera once, they're hooked. It's a total art work. It brings together all the art forms and is the epitome of human vocalism. "You guys don't realize it, but you're getting opera all around you like we never did. It's in all kinds of commercials and movies and all kinds of basically pop media. That sound is actually more common to you than you know." For more information on The Magic Flute, call: (303) 830-8497. |
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Rebounding after a baby She's a full-time student, a full-time basketball player and a full-time mom. Senior Shiloh Tiritas, center for the Metro women's basketball team, is somehow balancing that heavy load at the young age of 23. For three years Tiritas was a valued member o the Roadrunner team. She averaged 9.2 points and 8.5 rebounds per game. In the 1996-1997 season she was named second team all-conference in the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference. She is in Metro's top 10 in games played, games started, field goals, field goals attempted, points, rebounds, rebounds per game, free throws made, free throws attempted, personal fouls, blocked shots and minutes played. Out of 22 categories, Tiritas is in at least 12 of them and could end her career in even more. In the fall of 1997, Tiritas found out that basketball would have to wait. She learned that she was pregnant and sat out the 1997-98 season as a medical redshirt. Dealing with her pregnancy was difficult at first, Tiritas said. She was scared and not sure what she would tell her family, friends, coach and teammates. "It took me a long time to figure out what I was going to say to him (former Roadrunner head coach Darryl Smith)," Tiritas said. "It was the hardest thing telling my coach." Smith was really understanding, Shiloh said. When she told the coach about the pregnancy, he told her a similar story from his own life and how it worked out well for him. He was a little upset but told Shiloh that they would work through it and that he knew she would make a good mom. Once she had faced her coach, Tiritas had to address her teammates. That task wasn't easy either. The 1997-98 season would have been her final year and the last time she would ever play with some of her teammates. "I had to figure out how I was going to approach the team," Shiloh said. "I figured that through everything we're all teammates and we trust each other and share things." Like Smith, the other Roadrunners adjusted and lent assistance when needed. "I had support from them, too," Tiritas said. "That was really nice and really good for me. All the girls were understanding and helpful." During the season, Tiritas also supported her teammates. She attended the home games and some of the road games. It was tough for her to sit on the sidelines and watch her teammates play, she said. But she knew having a child would be tougher. Not until she started going into labor did the idea that she was having a baby sink in. She had thought about it but it wasn't real yet, she said. "I just realized once I started having my contractions," Shiloh said. "I was like, OK, by tomorrow I am going to have a baby and my life is going to be totally different." On May 16, 1998, Tiritas gave birth to a boy, Justice Christopher Tiritas. Justice is Tiritas's maiden name. She and husband Chris chose the name Justice for their son because they wanted their son's name to be significant. For Tiritas, the birth of her son could not have been better timed. Because spring classes were ending she was able to spend the summer with her family in Pueblo and a lot of time with her son for the first three months of his life. Shiloh and Chris, a former Metro basketball player, got married over the summer. They married during July, about the same time she started working out again. Shiloh tried to do little things here and there when she was pregnant to keep in shape but it was different than the six days of working out that she was used to. After she had Justice, she was ready to start running and exercising as soon as possible. "I had a definite reason to get back into shape," Shiloh said. "I couldn't wait. That was like the first question I asked the doctors. 'Whencan I start running again?'" However, because she had a caesarean section, the doctors told her to wait at least six to eight weeks before working out again. So Shiloh had about a month to get back into shape before school and basketball started. She knew she would never get into the same shape she was in before her pregnancy. Now she considers herself in "OK" shape after working out for the past seven or eight months. "It's taking practice and playing games all through the season (to get back into shape)," Shiloh said. "I don't know if I would have been able to lose all that weight or get back into shape if I wasn't playing basketball." Nine months after having Justice, Shiloh is back on the court for the Roadrunners. She leads the team in rebounding, averaging 8.5 per game and averaging 9.5 points per game this season. She is tied with forward Timmi-Jo Miller for the team lead in blocked shots with four apiece. Off the court, Shiloh and Chris are taking full class loads. Last semester was easier on them because they had opposite school schedules, Shiloh said. However, now both parents are sometimes on campus at the same time while Justice stays with his grandmother. Yet, at other times they bring Justice to school with them. "My teammates help me out," Shiloh said. "They'll watch him because a lot of times we have long breaks during the day and we're just hanging around or doing homework. They like to hold him and play with him. He'll be down here for a couple of hours and Chris will take him home or to work with him." Still, other days Tiritas doesn't see her son at all. With her early classes he is sometimes still in bed when she leaves. On those days she tries to get home during lunch to spend time with Justice. Quality time with their son is something both Shiloh and Chris value. "I want to be a good mom," Shiloh said. "I want to guide im through the right things, to be able to spend more time with him and take him out and do things." Another goal she set for herself is to finish school. Both she and Chris are very close to finishing, Shiloh said. Now they have a definite reason to. "We are almost there," Shiloh said. "We are so close to finishing. We finally see the light at the end of the tunnel." After she is finished at Metro, Shiloh plans on teaching. She enjoys spending time with children and wants to teach physical education or health. Chris is majoring in industrial design. All these things would have to fall into place before Shiloh would consider having another child. She wants her children to be relatively close in age, about two or three years apart, she said. But getting settled comes first. "I think that Chris and I have to establish a good job," she said, "and good financial background. Because all this is just crazy right now, trying to do all this at once." As far as goals for her son, basketball isn't necessarily one of them. Shiloh plans to support her son in anything that he pursues. However, sports will be something that he is surrounded by; after all, he spends time at practice already. "More than likely he's going to be a big kid," Shiloh said. "He loves basketballs already, like most kids like balls. And of course dad wants him to play basketball." Justice has just turned nine months old and is getting ready to take his first steps. He is curious and good with people, Shiloh said. Justice is also picking up some of the habits that Shiloh had when she was a young child. "My mom can see certain things about him (that were like me) when I was little," Tiritas said. "Most babies suck their thumb, but I always sucked my index finger, and he does that too." Watching Justice grow into his own and seeing all the changes that he is going through is fun, Shiloh said. It has definitely been an experience for her and something that she wouldn't change. "I look at him," she said, "and he's totally worth everything that I had to go through." |
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Men ready to host RMAC The Metro men's basketball team won two of its last three games to put themselves in position to host the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference Tournament. The tournament is set to begin on Feb. 23. Top-seeded teams will play at home that night. The rest of the tournament, Feb. 26-27, will be at a central site which could be the Auraria Events Center. The men rebounded from a 90-76 loss to Regis on Feb. 11 with two wins on the road. The Roadrunners traveled to Chadron State in Nebraska and captured a 81-78 contest. DeMarcos Anzures hit a 30-foot shot at the buzzer for the victory. He was the game's leading scorer with 20 points, moving him into third place all-time in points scored in a career at Metro. "People don't usually win there, so it was a good win," head coach Mike Dunlap said. The Roadrunners followed that with an 87-68 win over Colorado School of Mines. Again it was Anzures who led the Roadrunners with a game high 26 points. After cruising to a 34-30 half time lead, Metro blew the game open by scoring 53 points in the second half. The win keeps Metro tied for first with Nebraska-Kearney in the Eastern Division of the RMAC. With a win over Colorado Christian to close out the regular season, Feb. 19, the Roadrunners will host the first round of the RMAC tournament. |
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Hollins finally getting noticed Metro junior Jody Hollins is an easy person to notice on the Metro campus. He is six feet, 10 inches tall and towers over most everyone he meets. Yet the Texas native was never noticed in high school. He avoided the basketball coaches for almost four years. "I was just doing my own thing," Hollins said. "But my senior year, I did start the season playing varsity." Hollins said that the load between school and basketball was too much and basketball season ended as soon as the first report card came out. His career didn't end there as Hollins started playing organized basketball at Merritt Junior College in Dallas. "They only taught me street ball and not the fundamentals, which I needed," Hollins said It wasn't what he had expected and ended up transfering to Columbia Junior College, a school he played against while at Merritt. Hollins' days at Columbia were much better, he said. He was the team's starting center, averaging 16 points and 10 rebounds a game. It was at Columbia where a Metro recruiter noticed Hollins. "He was actually there recruiting another player, and they saw me," Hollins said. Metro head coach Mike Dunlap, when first hearing of the big man, just wanted to see him play. After seeing him, coach was interested in more than his height. "The guy was raw," Dunlap said. "Only having been in organized basketball for two years, he's getting better all the time. There was only an upside to him." Hollins, a secondary education major, hasn't disappointed his coaches this year. He has started 17 games this season and is averaging 4.4 points and 4.1 rebounds a game for Metro. His best game this season was against Panhandle State, Nov. 30, where he scored 16 points and had 13 rebounds in a Roadrunner victory. |
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Metro women drop two straight Metro's women's basketball team couldn't have picked a worse time to go through a losing streak. After capturing seven straight conference wins in January, February has been a different story. The Roadrunners have lost two of their last three games and put themselves in a hole. To continue to play after the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference tournament, the women must win the tournament. With a 17-8 overall record, 12-6 in conference, the Roadrunners know they have a lot of catching up to do. "We haven't been playing well, and now is not the time to do that," head coach Mike Power said. Metro still has a chance to host a first round game Feb. 23. If they can win its last regular season game against Colorado Christian, Feb. 19, then Metro will get the fourth seed and host a first round game. If they lose, they will have to play that first round game on the road. The last time the two teams met, Metro had a poor shooting night and lost by six points. Metro lost to Regis, 78-63, on Feb. 11, and then went to Chadron State where they dropped a 67-62 contest. The loss to Regis was the first to the Rangers in 13 games. Sarah Coleman led Metro with 17 points. The game against Chadron was a flashback to the beginning of the season. Metro played the game with only six players, something it accomplished early in the season. |
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Metro ready to play ball There are always high expectations when a team begins its season, no matter what its abilities are. For the Metro baseball team, those expectations are just one driving force behind the Roadrunners' desire for a conference championship. Metro goes into this season ranked 25th in the nation in the Division II preseason poll and with every desire of winning the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference championship. With five starting position players and two pitchers from last year's 33-20 squad returning, the Roadrunners' goal of winning the RMAC could be easier than expected. This season they will rely heavily on strong pitching and good defense to contend for the title. The pitching staff, led by seniors Ariel Garibay and Kevin Watson, finished first in the RMAC last year and 14th in the nation in team ERA. Garibay and Watson finished first and second, respectively, in the RMAC in wins and were both selected to the first-team All-RMAC and second-team All-Western Region. Also returning to the mound are Dan Hoyer, who will be the closer for the staff, Jason Ash, Jarrett Magdaleno and Adam Willis. The infeild, which head coach Vince Porreco said is "probably the best ever to play at Metro," will be led by shortstop/second baseman Cory Linteo. Last year, Linteo was also selected to the first-team All-RMAC. He finished with a .321 batting average and team highs in runs (50), hits (60) and stolen bases (12). Also returning for the defense are first baseman Brian Aguiar, who led the team in homers (12); second baseman Mike Henthorn; third baseman Matt Jerebker, who led the team in RBIs (47); and outfielder Jim Johnson. The Roadrunners will depend on a strong group of transfer students to strengthen the team, says Porreco. Will Tavis and Corrigan Willis will immediately step in as starting pitchers, and shortstop Jason Klatt, first baseman Miika Autio and catcher Billy Wallace will get plenty of playing time. Transfers Dana Reichers, who will see time on the mound, Geno Ballardo, John Gustafson and Tony Vargas are all fighting for starting spots in the outfield. |
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Rewriting the Metro record books If there was one place the Metro men's and women's swim teams wanted to be the weekend of Feb. 10-13, it was in Long Beach, Calif. That's where the Pacific Collegiate Swim Championships were held, consisting of some of the best swimmers the Roadrunners have faced all year. The level of competition pushed Metro to set 11 school records during the meet. Metro placed fifth in the men's division with 339.5 points while the women placed seventh with 296 points. The University of California at San Diego won both divisions. The Roadrunners now have 11 qualifiers for the national championships, to be held in Buffalo, N.Y., March 10-13. "For who we are and what our times were going into the meet, I think we outswam everyone at the meet," said Metro head coach James Richey. Metro had two individual victories and a relay win in the meet. Kaan Berberoglu won both the 50-meter and 100-meter freestyle events for men and was part of the Metro 200-meter medley relay that finished first in a school record time of 1 minute, 25.03 seconds. The other members of the winning relay team were Shad Ortiz, Wirmandi Sugriat and Jess Schwartzkopf. Kaan was nominated for Swimmer of the Year but did not win the award. Other school record performances were turned in by Berberoglu in the 100 backstroke (52.24), Todd Schmitz in the 200 backstroke (1:56.57) and the 200 free relay team of Berberoglu, Joel Blackmon, Jeremy Johnson and Mike True (1:25.03). The diving team was well represented both in the water and out. Dan Purifoy
and Cari Lewton, both of whom had already qualified for nationals, were
the top Metro divers in the pool. All the Metro divers placed in the top
16. Coach of the Year for both men and women. The women's team brought home seven school records from the conference meet. Sarah Lane now has two of them, the 1,000-meter freestyle (10:36.47) and the 1,650-meter freestyle (17:29.88). Kristin Schweissing set school records in the 200-meter individual medley (2:10.42) and the 400-meter individual medley (4:38.36). She joined Cari Mudget, Nancy Rowell and Kim Bollig in setting a school record in the 200-meter medley relay (1:54.33). Mudget also claimed school records in the 100-meter butterfly (1:00.87) and 200-meter breastroke (2:26.20). |
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